IGCSE Economics Practise questions
2.9 Market Economic System
True or False
Answer each question with "True" if the statement accurately describes a characteristic of a market economy, or "False" if it does not.
In a market economy, most economic decisions are determined by the interactions of individuals and businesses within the marketplace.
Limited government intervention is a characteristic of a market economy, where the government primarily enforces laws and protects property rights.
Prices of goods and services in a market economy are primarily determined by the forces of supply and demand.
Consumer choice is restricted in a market economy, as producers decide what products to offer based on their preferences.
The profit motive in a market economy serves as an incentive for individuals and businesses to engage in entrepreneurship and innovation.
A pure market economy requires no government involvement and operates completely independently.
While competition in a market economy encourages efficiency, it may also lead to unethical practices and exploitation of consumers.
Market economies might struggle to address public goods such as national defense and environmental protection due to their focus on profit.
Income inequality is an inherent consequence of a market economy, and no measures can be taken to mitigate it effectively.
Market economies can experience boom-and-bust cycles due to their reliance on consumer spending and investor sentiment.
Answer
True. In a market economy, the majority of economic decisions, resource allocation, and production are determined by individual and business interactions in the marketplace.
True. Limited government intervention is a hallmark of a market economy, where the government's primary role is to ensure law enforcement, property rights protection, and fair competition.
True. Prices of goods and services in a market economy are primarily influenced by the forces of supply and demand, which interact to establish equilibrium prices.
False. Consumer choice is a significant aspect of a market economy, allowing individuals to select from a wide range of products and services based on their preferences.
True. The profit motive is a driving force in a market economy, motivating individuals and businesses to engage in innovative and entrepreneurial activities to maximize their financial gains.
False. A pure market economy often involves some level of government involvement, especially in enforcing regulations and maintaining a fair competitive environment.
True. While competition encourages efficiency and innovation, it can also lead to unethical practices when businesses prioritize profits over ethical considerations, potentially exploiting consumers or disregarding environmental concerns.
True. Market economies can struggle with providing public goods, like national defense or environmental protection, because these goods might not have clear market pricing mechanisms and can be underprovided without government intervention.
False. While income inequality is a tendency in market economies, various policies and measures, such as progressive taxation, social programs, and education, can help alleviate and mitigate its effects.
True. Market economies are susceptible to economic cycles due to their reliance on consumer spending and investor sentiment. These cycles can result in periods of economic growth (booms) and economic downturns (busts).